A viral zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus. The 2022 global outbreak led to widespread vaccination campaigns using modified vaccinia vaccines.
Mpox (formerly monkeypox) is a viral disease caused by the monkeypox virus, which belongs to the orthopoxvirus family (the same family as smallpox). It was first discovered in 1958 in monkeys kept for research, and the first human case was reported in 1970 (CDC, 2024).
The 2022-2023 global outbreak was caused by the Clade IIb strain and spread primarily through close sexual contact. Over 87,000 cases were reported globally during this outbreak. The disease is characterized by fever, headache, muscle aches, and a distinctive rash.
Vaccination is available and recommended for high-risk individuals to prevent mpox. The following describes established medical consensus for clinical management for those who contract infection.
Most mpox cases are self-limiting and resolve with supportive care — pain management, wound care for skin lesions, and management of secondary infections. For severe cases or high-risk patients, antiviral therapy with Tecovirimat (TPOXX) may be used under an Expanded Access Investigational New Drug (EA-IND) protocol. Access protocols and eligibility criteria vary by jurisdiction — clinicians should check current CDC guidance as protocols have evolved since 2022. Pain management for mucosal lesions is a primary clinical goal in severe cases.
Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only. Treatment decisions must be made by a qualified healthcare provider.