Vaccines for Infants & Children
Evidence-based guidance on childhood immunization.
Vaccinating children beginning in infancy is one of the most effective public health interventions. This page explains the rationale for early immunization, addresses common parental concerns, and presents the evidence supporting the childhood vaccination schedule.
Why Vaccinate So Early?
- Vulnerability: Infants are at highest risk for severe disease from vaccine-preventable illnesses
- Immature immune systems: Vaccines help train the immune system before exposure
- Community protection: High coverage protects those who cannot be vaccinated
- Building immunity: Multiple doses are needed to develop full protection
The Childhood Schedule
The CDC recommends vaccinations begin at birth and continue through age 18. Key milestones include:
- Birth: HepB
- 2, 4, 6 months: DTaP, Hib, PCV13, Rotavirus, IPV, HepB
- 12-15 months: MMR, Varicella, HepA, Hib, PCV13
- 4-6 years: DTaP, IPV, MMR, Varicella
- 11-12 years: Tdap, HPV, MCV4
Addressing Common Concerns
Too many vaccines?
Studies show children's immune systems can handle many more antigens than vaccines present. The total antigens in vaccines today are far fewer than in earlier decades.
Vaccine overload?
Research does not support the "vaccine overload" hypothesis. Studies show vaccinated children develop immune responses normally and have no increased risk of infections.
Natural immunity vs. vaccination
While natural infection can provide immunity, the risks are severe. For example, measles can cause deafness, brain damage, or death — vaccination provides immunity without these risks.